Photovoltaics (PV's) convert sunlight into electrical power. Solar energy, the oldest method of heating and cooling, is not most commonly known as a method of producing energy from solar cells or photovoltaic modules. Electricity produced from PV's requires little to no maintenance, makes no pollution, and does not deplete valuable resources.

Energy Efficient Lighting can be achieved passively by allowing for natural daylighting and reducing light pollution or actively by using more efficient fixtures/bulbs and/or lighting sensors.

Efficient HVAC systems can be achieved by selecting the right size equipment along with reducing the need for mechanical systems. Efficiency can be maximized by allowing for user controlled systems, creating seasonal respondent designs and utilizing commissioning both in design and construction. These techniques not only improve thermal comfort but can reduce life-cycle costs.

Locally extracted/manufactured materials have multiple benefits for sustainability including but not limited to: reduction in transportation costs/environmental impact, support local economy, often result in more sustainable harvesting techniques and aid in creating a local aesthetic.